Ultra-diluted Rhus toxicodendron extract mitigates T3SS toxin induced leukocyte destruction - An in-vitro study

Sanjay Sikder; Adarsh Sharma; Abhsihek Das; Saptarshi Chodhury; Rana Adhikary; Pritam Goswami; Antara Majumdar

doi:10.5455/jrtm.2025-284693

J. res. tradit. med. 2025; 11(2): 81-87

doi: 10.5455/jrtm.2025-284693

Ultra-diluted Rhus toxicodendron extract mitigates T3SS toxin induced leukocyte destruction - An in-vitro study

Sanjay Sikder, Adarsh Sharma, Abhsihek Das, Saptarshi Chodhury, Rana Adhikary, Pritam Goswami, Antara Majumdar.

Abstract
Background:. Improper usage of antibiotics has led to the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens in the last decade and Pseudomonas areuginosa (PA) is one of them. Global evidence mapping has shown that India and other parts of Southeast Asian countries have a specific burden of the said organism. Objective: The study aimed at exploring the therapeutic utility of the well-known medicinal plant Rhus Toxicodendron (RT) extracts in different homeopathic doses as a therapeutic alternative to manage Pseudomonas infection. Methods: 5 ml blood was collected from a healthy donor and the buffy-coat was separated following centrifugation. Later the buffy-coat suspension was prepared with 0.5% NaCl solution and infected with Pseudomonas areuginosa (ATCC 27853) suspension that was prepared maintaining 0.5 McFarland’s turbidity standard. The infected buffy-coat suspension was divided into seven groups along with blank control alcohol and ciprofloxacin was administered, in other groups the infected suspension was challenged with alcohol and different dilutions of RT (6CH, 30CH, and 200CH). After 2 hours, smears were prepared and observed under the light microscope and leukocyte counts were analysed. ANOVA was done to analyse the statistically significant changes (p<0.05). Results: As compared to the control groups (WC- 8640±542/μL) leukocyte count was markedly reduced after administration of PA (WC- 4200 ±310 /μL). A significant increase in the leukocyte count was seen following the administration of Ciprofloxacin (WC- 7600 ±671/ μL), What about 6CH? RT 30CH (WC-7000 ±380/μL) and 200CH (WC- 7700 ±640/μL). Conclusion: Rhus toxcodendron extracts in homeopathic dilutions can effectively protect against PA-induced leukocyte destruction. Future studies are required to understand their utility against this pathogen.

Key words: Pseudmonas areuginosa, Anti-microbial resistance (AMR), Rhus toxicodendron, Homoeopathy, Medicinal Plants

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Sikder S, Sharma A, Das A, Chodhury S, Adhikary R, Goswami P, Majumdar A. Ultra-diluted Rhus toxicodendron extract mitigates T3SS toxin induced leukocyte destruction - An in-vitro study. J. res. tradit. med. 2025; 11(2): 81-87. doi:10.5455/jrtm.2025-284693

Web Style

Sikder S, Sharma A, Das A, Chodhury S, Adhikary R, Goswami P, Majumdar A. Ultra-diluted Rhus toxicodendron extract mitigates T3SS toxin induced leukocyte destruction - An in-vitro study. https://www.tmjournal.org/?mno=284693 [Access: February 09, 2026]. doi:10.5455/jrtm.2025-284693

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Sikder S, Sharma A, Das A, Chodhury S, Adhikary R, Goswami P, Majumdar A. Ultra-diluted Rhus toxicodendron extract mitigates T3SS toxin induced leukocyte destruction - An in-vitro study. J. res. tradit. med. 2025; 11(2): 81-87. doi:10.5455/jrtm.2025-284693

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Sikder S, Sharma A, Das A, Chodhury S, Adhikary R, Goswami P, Majumdar A. Ultra-diluted Rhus toxicodendron extract mitigates T3SS toxin induced leukocyte destruction - An in-vitro study. J. res. tradit. med. (2025), [cited February 09, 2026]; 11(2): 81-87. doi:10.5455/jrtm.2025-284693

Harvard Style

Sikder, S., Sharma, . A., Das, . A., Chodhury, . S., Adhikary, . R., Goswami, . P. & Majumdar, . A. (2025) Ultra-diluted Rhus toxicodendron extract mitigates T3SS toxin induced leukocyte destruction - An in-vitro study. J. res. tradit. med, 11 (2), 81-87. doi:10.5455/jrtm.2025-284693

Turabian Style

Sikder, Sanjay, Adarsh Sharma, Abhsihek Das, Saptarshi Chodhury, Rana Adhikary, Pritam Goswami, and Antara Majumdar. 2025. Ultra-diluted Rhus toxicodendron extract mitigates T3SS toxin induced leukocyte destruction - An in-vitro study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE, 11 (2), 81-87. doi:10.5455/jrtm.2025-284693

Chicago Style

Sikder, Sanjay, Adarsh Sharma, Abhsihek Das, Saptarshi Chodhury, Rana Adhikary, Pritam Goswami, and Antara Majumdar. "Ultra-diluted Rhus toxicodendron extract mitigates T3SS toxin induced leukocyte destruction - An in-vitro study." JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 11 (2025), 81-87. doi:10.5455/jrtm.2025-284693

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Sikder, Sanjay, Adarsh Sharma, Abhsihek Das, Saptarshi Chodhury, Rana Adhikary, Pritam Goswami, and Antara Majumdar. "Ultra-diluted Rhus toxicodendron extract mitigates T3SS toxin induced leukocyte destruction - An in-vitro study." JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 11.2 (2025), 81-87. Print. doi:10.5455/jrtm.2025-284693

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Sikder, S., Sharma, . A., Das, . A., Chodhury, . S., Adhikary, . R., Goswami, . P. & Majumdar, . A. (2025) Ultra-diluted Rhus toxicodendron extract mitigates T3SS toxin induced leukocyte destruction - An in-vitro study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE, 11 (2), 81-87. doi:10.5455/jrtm.2025-284693